Knowledge of and attitudes towards of menstrual disorders adults in north-eastern state of Peninsular Malaysia.

INTRODUCTION: In Malaysia, the prevalence of menstrual disorders among adolescents and young adults is high. However, most of them are not aware of the signs and symptoms of menstrual disorders in terms of medical issue as well as Islamic ruling. Awareness of the menstrual disorder symptoms is important so that early and appropriate treatment can be given. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to compare the knowledge and attitude of premarital men and women on menstrual disorders. METHODS: This was a comparative cross sectional study conducted in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Selfadministered questionnaires were given for data collection. The questionnaires consisted of 3 parts that required information on the women's and men's socio-demographic data, women's menstrual history and information in knowledge and attitude of men and women on menstrual disorders. RESULTS: A total of 460 respondents were involved in this study with a response rate of 93.5%. The prevalence of good knowledge was higher among women compared to men with 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively. There was a significant difference on knowledge and attitude on menstrual disorders between premarital men and women. CONCLUSION: Both premarital men and women had low knowledge on menstrual disorder with men knowing less than the women.

Knowledge of and attitudes towards of menstrual disorders adults in north-eastern state of Peninsular Malaysia

Introduction: In Malaysia, the prevalence of menstrual disorders among adolescents and young adults is high. However, most of them are not aware of the signs and symptoms of menstrual disorders in terms of medical issue as well as Islamic ruling. Awareness of the menstrual disorder symptoms is important so that early and appropriate treatment can be given. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the knowledge and attitude of premarital men and women on menstrual disorders. Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional study conducted in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Selfadministered questionnaires were given for data collection. The questionnaires consisted of 3 parts that required information on the women’s and men’s socio-demographic data, women’s menstrual history and information in knowledge and attitude of men and women on menstrual disorders. Results: A total of 460 respondents were involved in this study with a response rate of 93.5%. The prevalence of good knowledge was higher among women compared to men with 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively. There was a significant difference on knowledge and attitude on menstrual disorders between premarital men and women.

Sequelae of neglected senile cataract.

Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world. An attack of phacolytic and phacomorphic glaucoma as a result of neglected cataract constitutes a medical emergency that must be addressed immediately. Ocular emergencies such as these is challenging for the surgeon with guarded or poor prognosis. We describe the presentation, management and prognosis of three cases of phacomorphic and phacolytic glaucoma. All three patients underwent aggressive management of intraocular pressure. Despite successful cataract operation with implantation of intraocular lens, there was only mild improvement of the vision. Optic nerve and pupil functions were permanently affected following the insult. Phacomorphic and phacolytic glaucoma present a very challenging problem to the surgeon with poor visual outcome. Public health education and awareness are important and health workers should encourage patients with cataract to seek early treatment for better prognosis.

Effects of homeopathic arsenic on tobacco plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. Theoretical suggestions about system variability, based on a large experimental data set.

CONTEXT: This research aimed at verifying the efficacy of homeopathic treatments by plant-based bioassays, which may be suitable for basic research, because they lack placebo effects and provide large datasets for statistical analyses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of homeopathic treatments of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on tobacco plants subjected to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculation as biotic stress. DESIGN: Blind, randomized experiment using tobacco leaf disks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cultivar Samsun) carrying the TMV resistance gene N. TMV inoculated leaf disks were floated for 3 days in the following: Distilled water (control). H2O 5 and 45 decimal and centesimal potencies. As2O3 5 and 45 decimal and centesimal potencies. The main outcome measures is the number of hypersensitive lesions observed in a leaf disk. RESULTS: Homeopathic treatments of arsenic induce two effects on the plant: (i) increased resistance to TMV; (ii) decrease variability between experiments (system variability). CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model two actions of homeopathic treatment were detected: decrease in system variability and enhancement of the natural tendency of the system towards an 'equilibrium point'.

Effects of homeopathic arsenic on tobacco plant resistence to tobacco mosaic virus. Theoretical suggestions about system variability, basead on a large experimental data set

This research aimed at verifying the efficacy of homeopathic treatments by plant-based bioassays, which may be suitable for basic research, because they lack placebo effects and provide large datasets for statistical analyses. (AU)

Statistical analysis of the effect of high dilutions of arsenic in a large dataset from a wheat germination model.

This paper describes the statistical analysis of a series of experiments using a simple biological model (wheat germination in vitro), where a large number of wheat seeds were treated with homeopathic potencies of Arsenic trioxide. Some potencies, such as As2O3 40x, 42x and 45x, have repeatedly shown a significant stimulating effect on germination compared to controls, whereas As2O3 35x has a significant inhibiting effect. In some experiments the seeds were stressed before the experiment with a sublethal dose of the same substance. We performed a statistical analysis, both for stressed and non-stressed seed groups, using Poisson distribution as a suitable model for representing the number of non-germinated seeds in a standard experiment with 33 seeds in the same Petri dish. Finally, we have considered the most repeated potencies (30x and 45x), computing the sample odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the population OR. Our results show significant reproducible effects of some As2O3 decimal potencies, particularly As2O3 45x. In stressed seeds, even decimal potencies of water seem to give significant results compared to control, whereas high dilutions of As2O3 without potentization never show significant effects.

Statistical analysisof the effect of high dilutions of arsenic in a large dataset from a wheat germination model

This paper describes the statisticalanalysis of a series of experiments using a simple biological mosdel (wheat germination in vitro), where a large number of wheat seeds were treated with homeopathic potencies of Arsenic trioxide. Some potencies, such as As2O3 40x, 42x and 45x, have repeatedly shown a significant stimulating effect on germination compared to controls, whereas As2O335x has a significant inhibiting effect. In some experiments the seeds... (AU)

A pilot statistical study with homoeopathic potencies of Arsenicum album in wheat germination as a simple model

A blind, randomized laboratory trial to study homoeopathic potencies of Arsenicum album on wheat germination is proposed as a simple model which allows a rigorous statistical analysis. The parametric tests show that the differences between the treatment groups cannot be explained as a mere effect of intrinsic seed variability